According to @VitalikButerin, PeerDAS is live on Ethereum mainnet and ZK-EVMs are at alpha with production-quality performance while safety work remains, positioning Ethereum for decentralized consensus with high bandwidth. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He states this combination effectively solves the scalability trilemma in practice, with data availability sampling live today and ZK-EVM performance production-quality, and outlines a rollout: 2026 non-ZK-EVM-dependent gas limit increases via BALs and ePBS and first opportunities to run a ZK-EVM node; 2026–28 gas repricings, state structure changes, and exec payloads moving into blobs; 2027–30 further large gas limit increases as ZK-EVM becomes the primary block validation method. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He emphasizes distributed block building as a third pillar, aiming for blocks never being constituted in one place and advocating in-protocol channels such as expanded FOCIL or out-of-protocol distributed builder marketplaces to reduce centralized interference and improve geographic fairness in transaction inclusion. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041 He notes this is the culmination of a decade of work from early data availability sampling research and that ZK-EVM efforts began around 2020, referencing his original note on data availability and erasure coding. Sources: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041; Ethereum Research Wiki GitHub https://github.com/ethereum/research/wiki/A-note-on-data-availability-and-erasure-coding/52e1d03b0254cded8b67105be17ba9890b7ad8d3 For traders, the key on-chain milestones to track per the stated roadmap are the 2026 gas limit increases, the 2026–28 gas repricings and state changes, and the 2027–30 shift toward ZK-EVM-based validation and distributed block building. Source: Vitalik Buterin on X, Jan 3, 2026 https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/2007559523528233041